DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY OF MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PRESENTING TO PESHAWAR INSTITUTE OF CARDIOLOGY

Authors

  • Muhammad Irfan Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan. Author
  • Bilawal Habib Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan. Author
  • Ummad Israr Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan. Author
  • Zaib-un-Nisa Wagma KMU Institute of Health Sciences, Mardan, Pakistan. Author
  • Hazrat Abbas Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Institute of Medical Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan. Author
  • Nasir Farooq Khan Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71000/nq5rnc57

Keywords:

myocardial infarction , Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, , Lifestyle, Obesity, Risk Factors

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) contributing significantly to this burden. Modifiable risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia play a central role in the development and progression of MI. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies, particularly in high-risk populations. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of modifiable risk factors among patients presenting with MI and other cardiac conditions at the Peshawar Institute of Cardiology (PIC).

Objective: To identify and quantify the modifiable risk factors among patients with myocardial infarction at PIC, Peshawar.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at PIC, including 323 patients diagnosed with MI or other cardiac conditions. Convenience sampling was employed. Inclusion criteria encompassed adults admitted with cardiac-related diagnoses, while unconscious patients, those with valvular heart disease, children, or individuals unable to communicate were excluded. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 23. Frequencies, percentages, and Chi-square tests were applied to assess associations (p<0.05).

Results: Among the participants, 197 (61.0%) were male and 126 (39.0%) were female, with a mean age of 49.9 ± 13.3 years (range: 24–86). Smoking history was reported in 199 (61.6%), diabetes in 184 (57.0%), and hypertension in 199 (61.6%). Obesity was present in 138 (42.7%), and 155 (48.0%) had hyperlipidemia. Regular exercise was reported by only 131 (40.6%). High intake of fatty foods was noted in 181 (56.0%), while 178 (55.1%) consumed vegetables and 130 (40.2%) consumed fruits regularly. No statistically significant associations were found between individual risk factors and MI history (p>0.05), although trends were observed for obesity, inactivity, and fatty food intake.

Conclusion: The study highlights a high prevalence of modifiable risk factors among MI patients, notably smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle. These findings underscore the urgent need for community-level health education and targeted intervention strategies to reduce the cardiovascular disease burden in this population.

Author Biographies

  • Muhammad Irfan, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan.

    Cardiology (Cath Lab) Technologist, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan.

  • Bilawal Habib, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan.

    Post Graduate Resident Cardiology, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan.

  • Ummad Israr, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan.

    Post Graduate Resident Cardiology, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan.

  • Zaib-un-Nisa Wagma, KMU Institute of Health Sciences, Mardan, Pakistan.

    Demonstrator Cardiology, KMU Institute of Health Sciences, Mardan, Pakistan.

  • Hazrat Abbas, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Institute of Medical Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan.

    Lecturer Health Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Institute of Medical Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan.

  • Nasir Farooq Khan, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan.

     Registrar Cardiologist, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan.

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Published

2025-05-15