PREVALENCE OF LOWER CROSS SYNDROME AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH BMI AMONG NURSES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71000/x0bhk362Keywords:
Abdominal Muscles, Body Mass Index, Lower Back Pain, Muscle Weakness, , Nurses, Postural Imbalance, Risk FactorsAbstract
Background: Lower Cross Syndrome (LCS) is a common postural dysfunction caused by muscular imbalances, including tight hip flexors and lower back muscles, and weakened abdominal and gluteal muscles. It is often associated with sedentary lifestyles, poor ergonomics, and increased body mass index (BMI). Healthcare workers, particularly nurses, are at elevated risk due to prolonged standing, awkward postures, and physical demands. Identifying the prevalence and associated factors of LCS in this population is essential for early prevention and management.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of Lower Cross Syndrome and its association with Body Mass Index among registered nurses working at a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, involving 292 registered nurses selected through non-probability convenient sampling. Inclusion criteria were nurses aged 25–45 years with at least one year of professional experience. Individuals with recent trauma, surgery, chronic illness, disabilities, or pregnancy were excluded. Assessment tools included the REEDCO Postural Scale, BMI calculator, Modified Thomas Test for hip flexor tightness, and Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) for abdominal strength. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests to assess associations.
Results: Among the 292 participants, the prevalence of LCS was 24.31% based on the Modified Thomas Test and REEDCO scale. According to MMT, 35.6% of participants were classified in grade 2 and grade 3 muscle strength. A higher prevalence was observed in the 41–45 age group. Statistically significant associations were found between BMI and the Thomas test (p = 0.011), REEDCO scale (p = 0.005), and MMT (p = 0.03), indicating increased LCS risk with rising BMI.
Conclusion: LCS is prevalent among nurses, with strong associations to increased BMI and age. Preventive strategies, including ergonomic training and physical activity, are vital to reduce musculoskeletal risks in this high-risk group.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Imran Ali, Haroon Khan, Bilal Rahman, Ayesha Nadir, Hafiz Yaseen Khan, Mudassir Ahmad (Author)
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