ASSOCIATION OF NEPHROLITHIASIS WITH DIET IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

Background: Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stone disease, is a growing global health concern characterized by the formation of mineral and salt deposits within the renal system. Lifestyle choices, particularly dietary habits and nutritional status, have been shown to play a pivotal role in both the development and recurrence of kidney stones. Despite its increasing prevalence, limited data exist on the dietary behaviors and associated risk factors of nephrolithiasis patients in regional healthcare settings of Pakistan.

Objective: To assess dietary habits, nutritional status, and associated risk factors in patients diagnosed with nephrolithiasis.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Category A Hospital, Batkhela, from February to May 2022. A total of 200 patients diagnosed with nephrolithiasis were enrolled through consecutive sampling. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographics, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, and dietary intake patterns. BMI was classified according to WHO 1998 standards. The data were compiled and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013 to determine frequencies and percentages.

Results: Out of 200 respondents, 116 (58%) were females and 84 (42%) were males. The majority of the patients (27%) were aged 24–34 years. A total of 175 (87.5%) were married. BMI classification revealed that 34.5% of females and 29.3% of males were overweight, while 16.37% of females and 12.08% of males were extremely obese. Educationally, both the illiterate and bachelor’s degree holders accounted for 22% (n=44) each. Among females, 52% were housewives. Dietary intake patterns showed high daily consumption of vegetables and rice, with weekly intake of red meat, beans, and carbonated drinks.

Conclusion: The study underscores the significant association between nutritional status, dietary patterns, and nephrolithiasis. Preventive education focusing on fluid intake, weight management, and dietary modifications is essential to reduce disease burden.