ASSOCIATION OF WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS WITH DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS AMONG FARMERS

Abstract

Background: Agriculture is a labor-intensive occupation that demands prolonged physical exertion, making farmers highly susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Repetitive movements, prolonged awkward postures, and carrying heavy loads contribute to pain in the neck, shoulders, and back. Additionally, psychosocial factors, such as occupational stress, economic instability, and lack of healthcare access, can exacerbate biomechanical strain, leading to a heightened risk of mental health disorders. Understanding the interplay between work-related MSDs and psychological distress is essential for developing targeted interventions to improve farmers' health and productivity.

Objective: To explore the association between work-related musculoskeletal disorders and psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and stress, among farmers in Punjab, Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 189 farmers selected using a non-probability quota sampling technique from multiple villages in Punjab. Participants were male farmers aged 20–65 years with at least two years of work experience and a daily working duration of 4–5 hours. Data were collected from March 2024 to September 2024 using the Modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26, with chi-square tests and logistic regression applied to determine associations. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results: Musculoskeletal pain was prevalent among participants, with 52.9% reporting back pain, 45.5% experiencing shoulder pain, 31.7% suffering from neck pain, and 24.3% reporting knee pain. The study identified a significant association between MSDs and psychological distress, with stress reported by 62.2% of participants (p=0.001), anxiety by 39.2% (p<0.001), and depression by 57.9% (p=0.009). Higher levels of MSD discomfort correlated with increased severity of psychological symptoms, emphasizing the need for integrated physical and mental health interventions.

Conclusion: This study confirms a significant correlation between work-related musculoskeletal disorders and psychological distress among farmers. Addressing both physical and mental health challenges through workplace ergonomics, preventive healthcare strategies, and mental health support can improve overall well-being and productivity in the agricultural sector.