PERSPECTIVE OF NEW MOTHERS IN THE EARLY YEARS OF MOTHERHOOD IN COLLECTIVISTIC CULTURE

Abstract

Background: Motherhood in collectivistic cultures presents unique challenges, as societal expectations and family structures significantly shape maternal experiences. In Pakistan, new mothers residing in joint family systems often encounter emotional, psychological, and cultural pressures while navigating their early years of motherhood. The balance between caregiving responsibilities, household duties, and personal well-being becomes particularly complex when autonomy is limited by traditional family hierarchies. Understanding these challenges is essential for developing culturally sensitive interventions that support maternal well-being and promote healthier family dynamics.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of first-time mothers within Pakistani collectivistic culture, particularly the emotional, relational, and cultural challenges they encounter within the first three years of marriage and motherhood.

Methods: A qualitative research design utilizing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed to provide an in-depth exploration of maternal experiences. A purposive sample of six first-time mothers residing in joint family systems and married for less than three years was selected. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews and demographic questionnaires to capture detailed narratives. Verbatim transcription was performed, followed by thematic analysis to identify emergent patterns. Superordinate themes, including self-identity, resilience, adaptation, and interpersonal relationships, were categorized into master themes such as coping strategies, cultural identity, and social expectations.

Results: The findings revealed that new mothers face significant emotional distress due to limited autonomy, cultural expectations, and societal pressures. Challenges included balancing household responsibilities, child-rearing practices dictated by extended family members, and financial constraints. While social support was a primary coping strategy, many mothers found it insufficient, leading to psychological strain. Despite these adversities, resilience was evident among participants who employed self-reflection, boundary-setting, and adaptive coping mechanisms.

Conclusion: The study highlights the need for culturally informed support systems that promote maternal mental health and encourage shared caregiving responsibilities within collectivistic family structures. Policies and community-based interventions should be developed to enhance maternal well-being, strengthen spousal support, and foster greater autonomy for new mothers.