Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination Awareness Among Females of Reproductive Age

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide and is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Early detection significantly improves prognosis and survival rates. Despite advancements in screening techniques, awareness and practice of preventive methods, such as Breast Self-Examination (BSE), remain insufficient, particularly among women of reproductive age. Identifying knowledge gaps regarding breast cancer risk factors, warning signs, and BSE is essential for developing effective public health interventions.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of breast cancer, awareness of BSE, and the evaluation of BSE practices among females aged 15 to 49 years.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling, including 254 female participants aged 15 to 49 years. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed via Google Forms from July to September 2024. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic information, knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and warning signs, and the practice of BSE. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Version 27, with chi-square tests applied to assess associations between variables.

Results: Among the participants, 75.2% were MBBS/BDS students, 12.6% were postgraduates, and 7.1% held bachelor’s degrees. While 60.6% of participants demonstrated knowledge of warning signs and symptoms, only 32.3% were aware of breast cancer risk factors. A family history of breast cancer (87.4%) was the most recognized risk factor, while the presence of a breast lump or swelling (84.3%) was the most commonly identified symptom. A significant association was observed between educational status and awareness of both risk factors (P=0.016) and warning signs (P<0.001). However, only 28% of participants reported regularly performing BSE, with 72% admitting they had never practiced it.

Conclusion: Although general awareness of breast cancer was high, knowledge of risk factors and the practice of BSE were notably deficient, particularly among non-medical participants. This highlights the need for targeted educational interventions to improve breast cancer awareness and encourage routine BSE practice among women of reproductive age.