WOMEN CARDIAC PATIENTS’ PERCEIVED BARRIER TO CARDIAC REHABILITATION. A QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Abstract

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive, medically supervised program that includes exercise training, education on heart-healthy living, and counseling to manage stress and improve mental health. Despite its proven benefits in reducing morbidity and improving quality of life, participation among women remains disproportionately low due to various barriers. This study aims to explore and document the perceived barriers that women face in participating in cardiac rehabilitation programs, highlighting their unique challenges and experiences.

Objective: To explore and analyze the barriers perceived by women cardiac patients when participating in cardiac rehabilitation programs.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was employed from April 2023 to October 2023. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 women recruited using purposive sampling. Data collection continued until saturation was achieved. Thematic analysis, guided by Braun and Clark's six-step approach, was used to code, categorize, and identify themes. Reflexive and iterative coding processes ensured reliability and trustworthiness of the data. Pilot testing of the interview guide and coding framework was performed by multiple researchers to maintain consistency. The study adhered to ethical principles, with informed consent obtained from all participants and ethical approval secured from relevant review boards.

Results: The study identified three primary themes: challenges, overcoming challenges, and patient-healthcare provider relationships. Among the 30 participants, the mean age was 55 years, with 93% from rural areas and 28 out of 30 lacking formal education. The main challenges included financial constraints (25 participants), physical limitations (20 participants), lack of awareness (15 participants), and restricted healthcare access (18 participants). Emotional challenges, such as fear and stress, were noted in 12 participants. Despite these barriers, participants highlighted the importance of family support and physician recommendations as facilitators of participation in cardiac rehabilitation programs.

Conclusion: The study highlights the multifaceted barriers women face in cardiac rehabilitation, including financial, physical, emotional, and social challenges. These findings underscore the need for tailored, accessible, and gender-sensitive approaches to improve participation and outcomes for women in cardiac rehabilitation programs.