ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Copper has long been recognized for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. With the advancement of nanotechnology, copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) have garnered significant attention for their broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral properties. Cu NPs demonstrate potential in various medical applications, including infection control, biofilm prevention, and viral inactivation.

Objective: This review aims to evaluate the medical applications of copper nanoparticles, focusing on their antimicrobial and antiviral properties, their mechanisms of action, and their potential therapeutic benefits in treating bacterial and viral infections. The paper also discusses the safety concerns and potential toxic effects associated with Cu NPs.

Methods: A comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted, focusing on the antimicrobial and antiviral activities of copper nanoparticles against a variety of pathogens. The antiviral effects of Cu NPs, particularly against viruses such as Hepatitis B, C, HIV, and COVID-19, are explored. The review also highlights the applications of copper nanoparticles in healthcare settings, particularly in medical devices and hospital environments.

Results: Copper nanoparticles have shown exceptional efficacy in eliminating pathogenic microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria and various viruses. The mechanisms behind their antimicrobial action include contact-killing properties, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and viral genome inactivation. Cu NPs also exhibit significant promise in reducing bacterial biofilm formation, enhancing the effectiveness of medical devices, and inactivation of respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion: Copper nanoparticles are emerging as a promising tool for combating microbial infections. Their potential to inactivate a wide range of pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, makes them highly valuable in medical and healthcare settings. However, further research is necessary to address potential health risks and optimize the use of Cu NPs in clinical applications.