LIFESTYLE FACTORS AND NEUROINFLAMMATION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF DIET, EXERCISE, AND STRESS MANAGEMENT: A META-ANALYSIS

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease, increasingly recognized for its devastating impact on cognitive functions and neurodegenerative processes, is closely linked with neuroinflammation. Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and stress management have emerged as pivotal nonpharmacological modulators potentially influencing the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: This meta-analysis assesses how lifestyle factors—diet, physical exercise, and stress management—affect neuroinflammation and cognitive outcomes in individuals at risk or diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials and clinical studies.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify studies exploring the effects of diet, exercise, or stress management on neuroinflammation and cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease. Ten randomized controlled trials and clinical studies with follow-up periods ranging from 3 to 48 months were included, focusing on cognitive function, behavioural symptoms, and quality of life.

Results: Lifestyle interventions significantly influenced neuroinflammation and cognitive outcomes. Diets, particularly the Mediterranean and ketogenic diets, showed marked reductions in neuroinflammation markers and enhancements in cognitive performance. Aerobic exercise improved memory and executive functions, while mindfulness-based stress reduction and meditation provided benefits for both Alzheimer's patients and their caregivers by decreasing neuroinflammation and psychological distress.

Conclusion: Diet, exercise, and stress management represent promising nonpharmacological approaches to manage Alzheimer's disease through modulating neuroinflammation. Integrating these interventions could improve cognitive outcomes, decelerate disease progression, and enhance quality of life. Further research is needed to confirm long-term effects and refine these strategies for broader clinical implementation.