A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXTRACTION AND QUANTIFICATION METHODS OF PROTEIN ISOLATED FROM BEANS

Authors

  • Saliha Khalid Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey. Author
  • Drakhshaan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore. Author
  • Alaa Ghaleb Alsawwa Aqaba University of Technology, Jordan. Author
  • Md Kamrul Islam University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Author
  • Khizra Hashmat Minhaj University Lahore. Author
  • Ahmad Ibne Yousaf Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan. Author
  • Abu Baker Sidiq Gomal University, Pakistan. Author
  • Muhammad Sikandar Subhani Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71000/ijhr113

Keywords:

Analytical Techniques, Beans, Bradford Assay, Environmental Impact, Plant-derived Proteins, Protein Extraction, SDS-PAGE

Abstract

Background: Beans serve as a significant source of protein, minerals, and plant-derived micronutrients, holding social and economic importance. Their consumption is linked to numerous health benefits, including reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. Plant-based proteins are also environmentally advantageous, as their production requires fewer natural resources and results in a smaller carbon footprint than animal-derived proteins. This study explores protein extraction methods from beans and assesses analytical techniques for protein quantification.

Objective: To examine various protein extraction and quantification techniques from beans, focusing on four primary analytical methods: SDS-PAGE, Bradford, Lowry, and spectrophotometry.

Methods: Proteins were extracted from bean samples using standardized cell disruption, solubilization, enrichment, and digestion techniques. Four analytical methods were then applied to quantify the proteins: SDS-PAGE (for molecular weight separation), Bradford (dye-binding assay), Lowry (colorimetric assay), and spectrophotometry (UV absorption at 280 nm). Each method’s precision, sensitivity, and compatibility with bean protein extracts were evaluated.

Results: SDS-PAGE effectively separated proteins in the 5-250 kDa range with a 95% consistency in molecular weight determination. The Bradford method detected protein concentrations as low as 1 µg/mL, while the Lowry method demonstrated a 10-fold sensitivity increase over spectrophotometry, which was limited by UV interference. Both Bradford and Lowry were modified for specific protein compositions, with Bradford showing less interference.

Conclusion: The Bradford method demonstrated the greatest adaptability and minimal interference in bean protein quantification, whereas SDS-PAGE proved optimal for protein fraction analysis. These findings suggest the continued development of extraction and quantification techniques to meet the increasing demand for plant-based proteins.

Author Biographies

  • Saliha Khalid, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey.

    Department of Material Science and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey.

  • Drakhshaan, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore.

    Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore.

  • Alaa Ghaleb Alsawwa, Aqaba University of Technology, Jordan.

    Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Aqaba University of Technology, Jordan.

  • Md Kamrul Islam, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

    Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

  • Khizra Hashmat, Minhaj University Lahore.

    School of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Minhaj University Lahore.

  • Ahmad Ibne Yousaf, Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan.

    Assistant Registrar, Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan.

  • Abu Baker Sidiq, Gomal University, Pakistan.

    Department of Plant Breeding, Gomal University, Pakistan.

  • Muhammad Sikandar Subhani, Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan.

    Department of Chemistry, Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan.

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Published

2024-10-31