FREQUENCY OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AMONG FEMALE CAR DRIVERS”: A DESCRIPTION CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71000/yd9a5r07Keywords:
Automobile Driving; Ergonomics; Female; Musculoskeletal Pain; Occupational Health; Prevalence.Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide and is frequently associated with prolonged sitting, repetitive movements, and suboptimal driving ergonomics. Despite the increasing number of licensed female drivers in Pakistan, limited data exist regarding their musculoskeletal health.
Objective: To determine the frequency and anatomical distribution of musculoskeletal pain among licensed female car drivers in Islamabad and Rawalpindi.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over thirteen months among 377 licensed female drivers aged 18–40 years using non-probability convenience sampling. Participants with at least six months of driving experience were included, while those with recent trauma, surgery, major musculoskeletal or neurological disorders, or pregnancy were excluded. Data were collected through face-to-face and online administration of the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, assessing symptoms in nine body regions over specified time periods. Demographic and driving-related information were also recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and presented as frequencies and percentages.
Results: Neck pain was the most frequently reported complaint (49.9%), followed by shoulder (46.2%) and low back pain (41.4%). Upper back pain was reported by 29.7% of participants, while other regions showed lower frequencies. Over the previous twelve months, neck pain remained most prevalent (40.8%), followed by low back (30.0%) and shoulder pain (28.9%). Activity limitation was primarily associated with neck (14.6%) and low back pain (11.4%). Some participants required medical consultation, medication, or temporary work modification due to symptoms.
Conclusion: Musculoskeletal pain is highly prevalent among female drivers, particularly affecting the neck, shoulders, and lower back. Early ergonomic education and preventive rehabilitation strategies are essential to reduce functional limitations in this under-researched population.
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