LUTEOLIN IN CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRINZMETAL ANGINA: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Luteolin, a naturally occurring flavonoid abundantly found in various fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, has drawn increasing scientific attention due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective properties. Its pharmacological profile suggests therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases, particularly conditions characterized by endothelial dysfunction and vasospasm. Among these, Prinzmetal angina—a variant form of angina marked by transient coronary artery spasms—represents a clinical context in which luteolin’s endothelial and vascular effects may have significant therapeutic relevance.

Objective: This narrative review aims to evaluate the pharmacological potential of luteolin in the management of Prinzmetal angina, emphasizing its mechanisms of action related to endothelial modulation, nitric oxide bioavailability, and vasodilatory response.

Main Discussion Points: The review synthesizes evidence showing that luteolin enhances endothelial nitric oxide production, mitigates oxidative stress, and inhibits inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6, which collectively contribute to improved vascular tone and reduced vasospastic activity. It also discusses how luteolin’s ability to regulate calcium channel activity and attenuate vascular smooth muscle contraction may counteract ischemic episodes characteristic of Prinzmetal angina.

Conclusion: Emerging evidence indicates that luteolin may reduce the frequency and severity of coronary vasospasms by restoring endothelial balance and suppressing inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms. While preclinical findings are encouraging, large-scale clinical trials are essential to establish its safety, efficacy, and therapeutic integration into angina management protocols.